Understanding how ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) reach energies in excess of 1e20 eV stretches particle acceleration physics to its very limits. In this talk, I will discuss how such energies can be reached, using general arguments that can often be derived on the back of an envelope. I will review possible particle acceleration mechanisms, with special attention paid to shock acceleration. Informed by the arguments derived in the talk, and with insights from Galactic CR acceleration in supernova remnants, I will then discuss which classes of astrophysical sources might be UHECR sources, including my own (biased) perspective; generally, I favour radio galaxies, GRB afterglows and other sources which are not too compact and dissipate prodigious amounts of energy on large scales. Aided by hydrodynamic simulations, I will show that shocks in the backflows in radio galaxies are good accelerators of UHECRs, then present simulations in which the jet flickers and explore the impact on particle acceleration. I will explore a scenario in which a significant fraction of UHECRs originate from local radio galaxies like Centaurus A and Fornax A, arguing that they can explain the observed UHECR anisotropies. Finally, I will highlight the importance of variability in these potential UHECR sources, and explore the intiguing possibility that the UHECR arrival directions are partly a result of "UHECR echoes" or "reverberation" from magnetic structures in the local Universe.
About the speaker: Dr. Matthews got his PhD in 2016 from the University of Southampton supervised by Christian Knigge, where he worked on radiative transfer modelling of accretion disc winds. He then moved to Oxford in 2016 for a postdoctoral position working on ultrahigh energy cosmic ray origins before taking up a Herchel Smith Fellowship in Cambridge from 2019-2022. He has recently returned to the Oxford astrophysics department as a Royal Society University Research Fellow, and his research lies at the intersection of theoretical and observational astrophysics, focusing mostly on outflows from accretion discs, astrophysical jets, particle acceleration and axion-like particles.
Ioana Maris and Steven Lowette